The second PCR takes the product from the first PCR as a template and uses semi-nested primers (PCR2 IgG/IgM/IgK/IgL Reverse primers) to amplify the entire variable region and a portion of the constant region of BCR heavy or light chain cDNA. By priming from the Read Primer 2 sequence and the constant region, the first PCR specifically amplifies the entire variable region and a considerable portion of the constant region of BCR heavy or light chain cDNA. The first PCR uses the first-strand cDNA as a template and includes a forward primer with complementarity to the Illumina Read Primer 2 sequence (PCR1 Universal Forward primer), and a reverse primer that is complementary to the constant region of BCR heavy or light chains (PCR1 IgG/IgM/IgK/IgL Reverse primers). The nested PCR in the second round ensures that the vast majority of the reads map to B-cell receptor transcripts. The first strand cDNA is then subjected to two rounds of gene-specific PCR amplification (see details in panel B). The SMART UMI Oligo anneals to these nontemplated nucleotides and serves as a template for the incorporation of an additional sequence of nucleotides into the first-strand cDNA by the RT (this is the template-switching step). First-strand cDNA synthesis is dT-primed and performed by the MMLV-derived SMARTScribe Reverse Transcriptase (RT), which adds nontemplated nucleotides upon reaching the 5' end of each mRNA template. SMARTer Human BCR IgG IgM H/K/L Profiling Kit workflow. When used with our Takara Bio Immune Profiler Software, PCR duplicates and errors can be detected and removed for more accurate and reliable clonotype calling and quantification.įigure 1. The BCR UMI Oligo contains 12 random nucleotides, which are incorporated into the cDNA during the template-switching step. This new profiling kit also includes unique molecular identifiers (UMI). Downstream sequencing allows for accurate identification of top clonotypes and reliable assignment of isotype in a majority of cases. The benefits of 5' RACE with gene-specific amplification come together in this highly sensitive and reproducible method for profiling B-cell repertoires, and allow you to capture complete V(D)J variable regions of BCR transcripts. The 5'-RACE method reduces variability and allows for priming from the constant region of IgG and IgM heavy or light chains (Figure 1B). Contrary to systems that use multiplex PCR, the 5'-RACE method does not require any prior knowledge of the sequences comprising the 5' end of BCR transcripts. The new SMARTer Human BCR IgG IgM H/K/L Profiling Kit leverages SMART technology ( Switching Mechanism at 5' End of RNA Template) and pairs NGS with a 5' RACE approach in order to provide a sensitive, accurate, and optimized approach to BCR profiling (Figure 1A). ![]() While multiplexing allows you to amplify multiple BCR genes in one reaction, it may prove challenging with regard to sensitivity, specificity, and biases in amplification of certain sequences, all of which can lead to difficulties in accurate and reproducible identification of isotypes. There are two major approaches used in profiling B-cell repertoires: multiplex PCR and 5' RACE combined with NGS. Accurate determination of the clonotypes and isotypes expressed by the immune system will aid in a complete picture of the B-cell repertoire.Ĭurrent next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches for profiling B-cell repertoires yield valuable insights into the adaptive immune response and antibody engineering. Understanding the profiles of BCRs (i.e., the diversity of receptors and clonotypes) can not only aid in gaining insights into the adaptive immune response in healthy individuals but also in those with a wide range of diseases. B cells are essential parts of the adaptive immune response, expressing B-cell receptors (BCRs) on their surface, thus enabling the recognition of unique molecular patterns in pathogens.
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![]() Once you know what you need to do, set a timer for 25 minutes and all you do is work on your task during that time. For every four Pomodoros take a longer break (15-20 minutes).Work on the task until the Pomodoro is over.All you need is a timer (also called a Pomodoro) for this technique to work. The Pomodoro Technique works in 25-minute intervals. The basic premise of the Pomodoro Technique is to firewall your attention for a small amount of time and mentally recharge after each interval of work. That’s where the Pomodoro Technique comes into play. You don’t want to just give up on working on your goals or just keep on pushing them off until you can’t anymore. You don’t want to end up failing or desperate just because you find it hard to start on a single task. You might look at your to-do list and start to think that it’s just too big of a task or immediately assume that you can never get it done. We’ve all been in a situation that we can’t seem to start on a task. The Pomodoro Technique helps you to protect your focus for doing your most productive work. If you set a limit of 30 minutes for email, then you stop after 30 minutes regardless of how many open emails you have in your inbox. Time boxing is to put helpful limits into place. You can spend an hour or an entire day doing them without arriving to the finish line. These activities do not have a clear starting point or ending point. For example, someone may decide to check email or their social media feeds. It is a method that many people use to insure that activities do not consume more time than they should. Timeboxing is where you allocate a fixed time period to a planned activity. The main idea behind the Pomodoro Technique is something called “timeboxing”. When he released his free whitepaper of how it worked others have found a lot of success with it. How the Pomodoro Technique Worksīack in the 80s, Francesco Cirillo invented the Pomodoro Technique as a personal system for getting more studying done. If that seems to good to be true, read on. This technique can make it seem like you really do have more than 24 hours in a day. It has stood the test of time (literally). It is simple to implement, but it is so damn powerful. The Pomodoro Technique is one of first things we teach our clients. It happens as the result of small incremental changes based on proven techniques and strategies. It is called the Pomodoro Technique.įrom the beginning of Asian Efficiency, we have been able to help more than 13 thousand people become more productive. In this article, we are going to reveal one of the simple strategies you can use today to make the most of your day. They use the time in a way that makes them appear to have a super power. Productive people do not have more hours in the day than someone else. The truth is that those people may be very busy, but it does not mean that those people are productive. I have heard busy people make jokes about needing more hours in the day to get everything done. Anything that doesn't fit within the technique after several attempts.Time is your most valuable asset.Tasks or projects that don't benefit from frequent breaks, such as reading or research.Anything that you've put off for too long.Projects you can tackle in short intervals.Home projects, such as garage cleanout.Homework, term papers, and other student projects.Clearing out your inbox (IT support tickets, fixing software bugs, and similar items).Some projects are better suited to the Pomodoro technique than others. To quote, "The next Pomodoro will go better." Devote your first Pomodoro of the day to planning the rest of the day, or use your last Pomodoro to prepare for the following day.Bundle tasks together that can be completed in less than 25 minutes.If that's not possible, limit the number of Pomodoros allotted to each task.Break projects into digestible steps that you can complete in one Pomodoro.Start by creating your to-do list, and then allocate each task to a Pomodoro.The technique's many fans rely on a few common strategies: The many mobile and online tools available, however, add lots of functionality and convenience. You can change all durations based on your workload and routine, and you can use a kitchen timer or stopwatch. After four Pomodoros, you take an extended break of 15 to 25 minutes. Between Pomodoros are scheduled breaks, during which you are encouraged to get up and stretch (if you work at a desk) and do something fun or relaxing.Ī typical Pomodoro lasts 25 minutes, followed by a five-minute break. The Pomodoro Technique is simple: Break large tasks into smaller ones, which you then tackle over timed intervals called Pomodoros. ![]() Note: Kindly Like and share our Social Media pages so that a maximum of people interested in Chemistry can find useful data from this web portal. But we still ensure you that if you need any specific software, you can ask us for that using the comments box provided at the end of our blog pages, or simply contact us through email, and we’ll use all our resources to upload the downloadable links of such software programs. ![]() so, that you don’t have less important options to waste your time on. There are a lot of other software programs for chemical structural depiction and presentation, we have mostly shared the links of prominent and well-known as well as easy to use software/freeware programs for you to download from here, in order to save your time and to avoid confusion. Convert all given information into moles (most likely, through the use of molar mass as a conversion factor). A chemistry communication suite, ChemOffice+ Cloud Standard transforms your chemical drawings into chemical knowledge by facilitating the management, reporting and presenting of. Determine the balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction. Since 1985 ChemDraw solutions have provided powerful capabilities and integrations to help you quickly turn ideas and drawings into publications you can be proud of. Right now we have the following useful software/freeware programs links for you to download freely, without any charges or subscription.Ĭrystalmaker X Software – Crystal and Molecular Modeling, ChemDraw Pro 8.0, ChemDraw Ultra 12.0, Moll圜ule Software Program for Chemistry, ACD ChemSketch Freeware, ChemOffice 2016 – ChemDraw Professional 2016, PerkinElmer ChemOffice 2020 – Version 20.0. Approach 1 (The 'Reactant Mole Ratio Method'): Find the limiting reactant by looking at the number of moles of each reactant. Once you're done you can close ChemDraw, and double click on the object in Word if you want to open it up again and edit. So, you should regularly/ frequently visit this page for more and more free download links/ resources of Software. On Word, go to Insert>Object>CS ChemDraw Drawing That opens up a new page in ChemDraw that you can draw into and it'll automatically update on the Word doc. P.S: We keep updating this list from time to time as we share more Software on ChemistryDocs.Com. If nX(initial) nY(initial) is greater than S(X Y), then Y is limiting. If nX(initial) nY(initial) is less than S(X Y), then X is limiting. The corresponding general rule, for any reagents X and Y, is. ![]() Crystalmaker X Software – Crystal and Molecular Modeling This indicated that there was not enough Hg to react with all the bromine and mercury was the limiting reagent. ChemOffice 2016 – ChemDraw Professional 2016ħ. Moll圜ule Software Program for ChemistryĦ. PerkinElmer ChemOffice 2020 – Version 20.0Ĥ. A new page will open containing a little information about the Software as well as Download Links. Click on the name of Chemistry Software below available in the list. Scroll-Down the list below and find your favorite Software. This the only platform that gives you free access to a maximum number of Chemistry Software / Freeware Programs. Select the Bold, Dashed, or Solid Bond tool. Free Download Chemistry Software / Freeware by Names Change a single bond from one type to another using one of the following methods: Select a bond tool and click an existing bond or Right-click and select the new type from the context menu Changing Double Bonds To change one type of double bond to another: 1. ![]() Have you ever been stuck in a hot, stuffy room and a breeze of cool fresh air whips into the room? Feels great, right? And it’s the benefits of water movement you want in your reef environment. Wave makers allow you to provide sufficient water movement. This is especially true in small tanks like 10 gallons.Last update on / Commissions Earned / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API The Benefits of Aquarium Wave Makers The tank environment can be a lot less stable than the natural habitat of freshwater fish. This is one of the biggest mistakes beginners make when choosing new fish at the pet store.ĩ0% of the fish you see in their tanks are juveniles, and have a whole lot of growing to do! Always make sure to research the adult size of a fish before taking it home. Of course, a fish for small aquariums should not outgrow its tank. But what makes a good nano fish? The following factors are all important characteristics: Size In the aquarium hobby, very small fish are generally known as nano fish. In fact, you’d need to bump the number down to about 8 inches. Hardscape features like rocks and driftwoodĪs you can tell, your ten-gallon tank will not be able to house 10 inches of fish if you follow the inch-per-gallon rule.Hardware like the heater, filter, thermometer, etc.Your aquarium is never completely full either because you’ll want to leave just a little room to prevent spilling during feeding and maintenance.Īlong with the water, your aquarium will probably contain: Aquariums Hold Less Water Than You’d ThinkĪnother important thing to remember is that a ten-gallon aquarium usually doesn’t hold a full 10 gallons of water. Beefing up your filtration and maintenance, and growing plenty of live plants can increase the number of fish you can keep, but there are definitely limits. This waste can cause big problems if not managed, and the results can be tragic for your pets. The more fish you have in a tank, the more waste they are going to produce. Water quality problems are just as serious, if not more so! ![]() The obvious issue is that the fish will feel cramped and not be able to behave naturally. Keeping too many fish in your tank creates a few different problems. It is equally important to understand that not all fish have the same needs. Of course, you can keep more fish of a small species in a tank than the same number of larger fish. In many cases, this can be good advice, but there are always exceptions to any rule! For example, ten 1-inch-long fish might sound just fine for a 10-gallon tank, but one 10-inch fish will obviously be too big for the same fish tank. This old rule states that you can keep 1 inch of fish for every gallon of water in your tank. Many fish keepers will automatically go to the inch-per-gallon rule when stocking an aquarium. I’ll cover each of these factors in the article, so make sure you read until the end. For me, there are 3 keys to success when keeping a 10-gallon fish tank: There is just something so special about a nano aquarium, however, that makes the challenge welcome. The smaller the aquarium is, the less stable the water conditions will be. The first thing to know when stocking a ten-gallon aquarium is that smaller doesn’t necessarily mean easier. Let’s get started! What You Need to Know For Stocking 10 Gallon Tanks You’re probably also wondering how many fish you can keep in a 10-gallon tank, so read on for advice on the number of fish you can stock. Creating an awesome nano freshwater aquarium takes plenty of research, but don’t worry, you’ve come to the right place! That’s exactly why I’ve decided to write this article – to take some of the hard work out of the decision-making process for you. Choosing which kind of fish to put in small aquariums like a 10 gallon tank can be tough though! 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I understand the work should be paid,but what I see in the game after 3 years when I stopped playing it's just that the game is not online at all,and it is also impossible to register in the Network! Buy genuine Zanussi spare parts & accessories for your home appliances. What could be smarter 'suggested retail price XEROX COLOR/. ![]() Permainan ini menampilkan sistem pembuatan tank berbasis kartu asli yang memungkinkan pemain untuk mencampur dan mencocokkan bagian-bagian dari tank bersejarah yang berbeda. Create a LOR account and register your LOR BARISTA coffee machine to receive special. With four separate ink tanks, you replace one color at a time. When registering via email, you can not do it at all, it gives an error of 3. Infinite Tanks WW2 menghadirkan pendekatan pertempuran tank WW2 yang inovatif dan belum pernah ada sebelumnya. 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January 2002 – FBI agents interview former US Army bioweapons scientist Steven Hatfill as part of the anthrax investigation. Novem– Ottilie Lundgren, a 94-year-old Connecticut woman, dies of inhalation anthrax. The letter contains at least 23,000 anthrax spores and is postmarked October 9, in Trenton, New Jersey. The letter is among those at the Capitol that has been quarantined. Novem– A letter sent to Senator Patrick Leahy is found to contain anthrax. Novem– The FBI releases a behavioral profile of the suspect, who is probably a male loner and might work in a laboratory. Octo– Kathy Nguyen, a stockroom worker for the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, dies of inhalation anthrax. Octo– DC postal worker Joseph Curseen dies of inhalation anthrax. One Post employee is confirmed to have a cutaneous infection and a second shows symptoms of the same infection. Octo– An unopened letter tainted with anthrax is found in the offices of the New York Post. More than two dozen people in Daschle’s office test positive for anthrax after the envelope is discovered. Octo– A letter postmarked Trenton, New Jersey, opened by an employee of Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle contains white powdery substance later found to be “weapons grade” strain of anthrax spores. Octo– NBC News announces that an employee has contracted anthrax. ![]() Octo– Sun photo editor Bob Stevens dies of inhalation anthrax. Lundgren, Ottilie – Connecticut woman, dies of inhalation anthrax, November 22, 2001 Nguyen, Kathy – employee at Manhattan hospital, dies of inhalation anthrax, October 31, 2001 ![]() – DC postal worker, dies of inhalation anthrax, October 21, 2001 – DC area postal worker, dies of inhalation anthrax, October 22, 2001 Stevens, Bob – photo editor at American Media Inc, dies of inhalation anthrax, October 5, 2001Ĭurseen, Joseph Jr. Over 32,000 people took antibiotics after possible exposure to anthrax. The FBI has interviewed more than 10,000 people and issued more than 6,000 subpoenas in the case.Ĥ.8 million masks and 88 million gloves were purchased by the Postal Service for its employees, and 300 postal facilities were tested for anthrax. No arrests have been made in the attacks. The letters were postmarked Trenton, New Jersey. Patrick Leahy, and the New York Post offices. ![]() All rights reserved.The letters were sent to NBC anchor Tom Brokaw, Sen. This report reviews and assesses scientific evidence considered in connection with the 2001 Bacillus anthracis mailings.Ĭopyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI's Investigation of the Anthrax Letters evaluates the scientific foundation for the techniques used by the FBI to determine whether these techniques met appropriate standards for scientific reliability and for use in forensic validation, and whether the FBI reached appropriate scientific conclusions from its use of these techniques. In 2008, seven years into the investigation, the FBI asked the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to conduct an independent review of the scientific approaches used during the investigation of the 2001 B. The agency relied on external experts, including some who had developed tests to differentiate among strains of B. Between October 4 and November 20, 2001, 22 individuals developed anthrax 5 of the cases were fatal.ĭuring its investigation of the anthrax mailings, the FBI worked with other federal agencies to coordinate and conduct scientific analyses of the anthrax letter spore powders, environmental samples, clinical samples, and samples collected from laboratories that might have been the source of the letter-associated spores. Less than a month after the Septemattacks, letters containing spores of anthrax bacteria (Bacillus anthracis, or B. ![]() Minnie Mouse (voiced by Marcellite Garner)Ĭomic strip adaptation Main article: The Mail Pilot (comic)Īt around the same time the short was originally released, the Mickey Mouse comic strip published a storyline based on the cartoon, which ran from February 27 through June 10.Mickey delivers the money to Minnie and brings Pete to the authorities. Ron DeSantis has recused himself, citing a conflict of interest. In similar fashion to the Newsreel segment on the Mickey Mouse Club TV show, side 1 includes a cartoon while side 2 includes the newsreel. Mickey the mail pilot is entrusted with a chest of money. Ron DeSantis Getty Images The federal judge presiding over Disney’s lawsuit against Florida Gov. Contents 1 Summary 2 Characters 3 Gallery 4 Adaptations 4.1 The Mail Pilot (comic) 4.2 The Mail Pilot (Big Little Book) Summary Mickey the mail pilot is entrusted with a chest of money. ![]() At this point, Pete harpoons him, and Mickey drags Pete through a bell tower, demolishing Pete's plane. The Mail Pilot is a Mickey Mouse cartoon that debuted on May 13, 1933. The Mail Pilot is a Mickey Mouse cartoon that was released on May 13, 1933. Mickey's plane quickly loses its wings and propeller to Pete's armaments, but he improvises a helicopter blade with a clothes-drying rack, then, when that gives way, a replacement prop from a windmill. 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